Topic: Breast Cancer treatment via the Bioactive Materials in Seaweeds
Order Description
Breast Cancer treatment via the Bioactive Materials in Seaweeds
Abstract
The purpose of the study is to explain and illustrate the important of seaweed components…..
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Breast cancer
2.1.
2.2.
3. Seaweeds
3.1.
3.2.
3.3. Anti-carcinogen constituent of the brown seaweeds
3.4. Fucoidan
4. Mechanisms of the seaweeds in the tumor
5. Discussion
5.1
5.2
5.3
6. Conclusion
7. References
1. Introduction
– Breast cancer is …… Scientists have aimed to treat breast cancer without harming the patient by exploiting the differences between cancerous and normal cells
– Marine macroalgae are the potential renewable resource on the marine environment, which have been reported to afford several beneficial effects. Chemical and nutritional composition of seaweeds …….
– In this report on the bio functional properties of the seaweeds affect on the cancer cells for treatment purposes will be discussed.
2. Breast cancer
2.1. – Diagnosis and symptoms of cancer over all
– Knowledge to promote breast cancer awareness among women browned the word and their right to understand and recognize their health care under the culture conditions. With some statistical studies in some countries. Add graphs to explain more
2.2. What are the bio physiological symptoms of the cancer specially breast cancer
– What is all available therapy of breast cancer…Briefly explaining methods, which heal cancer and new approaches that lower the risk of the cancer. Such as….. While, Most of the chemotherapeutic agents used in cancer treatment are designed to target common deregulated mechanisms within cancer cells. However, many healthy tissues are also affected by the cytotoxic effects of these chemical agents.
2.3. Nutritional components role in particular interest in the context of breast cancer, what is the links between nutrient deficiency and breast Cancer (vitamin D, Iodine, selenium…)
2.3.1. What is the relevant diet that may causes cancers, as cacogenic components in processed food, and their over all risk
2.3.2 what is the relevant diet that may prevent or treat cancers?
– In one part discuses all factors as (Antioxidant vitamins A, C, E, beta-carotene, Carbohydrate intake, Dairy consumption, Isoflavones, Consumption of soy products. add study
(Plasma antioxidants and risk of breast cancer) from reference file
3. Seaweeds
Seaweed is one of the most extensively used functional foods and medicinal herbs with a long history in Asian countries. What is the overview of using it (green, brown, red seaweeds) and the outcome of the seaweeds,
3.1. Seaweeds compounds that affect cancer cells, Can Seaweed treat Cancer? add Table 4. Properties of seaweeds in fight against breast cancer. (from project references file) reference No# with brief explaining.
3.2. The role of seaweeds for health with huge benefits and anti-carcinogenic properties of brown seaweeds. What is the most important component that acts with breast cancer? Add Fig. 8.2 Chemical structures of seaweeds derived-bioactive molecules. Dioxinodehydroeckol (a); fucoxanthin (b); fucoidan (c); ι–carrageenan (d); 1-(3′,5′-dihydroxyphenoxy)-7-(2′′,4′′,6- trihydroxyphenoxy)-2,4,9-trihydroxydibenzo-1,4-dioxin (e) (from project references file) reference No# 2 book chapter 8 with brief explaining of the link between above and beast cancer.
The link with apoptosis in three human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7, T-47D, and MDA-MB-231)
3.3 Fucoidan
(reference file, Book chapter 7,8,9,10)
Fucoidan a sulfated polysaccharides from brown algae as therapeutic target for cancer.
– Structure and composition of fucoidan, add figure for overview of fucoidan regulation. add
Fucoidan’ that has been shown to inhibit proliferation and induce apoptotic cell death in several tumour cells, especially in breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Moreover, to focus on the mechanism of the polyphenol-rich seaweed which effects as antioxidant, antiproliferative, and antiangiogenesis against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer Fucoidan, a natural component of brown seaweed, has anti-cancer activity against various cancer types by targeting key apoptotic molecules………. Challenges to the development of fucoidan as an anti-cancer agent will also be discussed.
Some studies will be discussed in this part about the fucoidan, which induced as an anti-tumor activity in mice when they introduced it to their animal models. The researchers observed that this seaweed extract effectively activated a process of natural cell death, referred to as apoptosis, among leukemia, lymphoma, stomach and colorectal tumor cells. Carcinogen constituent of these brown sea vegetables is called fucoidan, it is a sulfated polysaccharide found in the cell walls of many species of brown seaweed. Several studies indicated that fucoidan was able to induce apoptosis, inhibit angiogenesis, and suppress lung metastasis of breast cancer in vitro and in vivo
4. Mechanisms of the seaweeds in the tumor
(This is the most important part of the study its need more attentions and accuracy)
In this section of the project it will be focused on the details of the previous studies that talk about the mechanism of the polyphenol-rich seaweed which effects as antioxidant, antiproliferative, and antiangiogenesis against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer. Fucoidan and Signaling Pathways ….Add Figure Overview of main signal (from project references file) reference No# 13 transduction pathways involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis with explanations of the figure
Angiogenesis means formation of a vascular network from the previous vessels, which occurs in deferent pathologic conditions such as tumor growth and metastasis, and it has also an important role in some physiologic processes like the organ growth, wound healing, and reproduction.
Biological activity and apoptosis, growth-signalling mechanism in cancer.
inhibitory effects of fucoxanthinol on the viability of human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 are correlated with modulation of the NF-kappaB pathway.
The mechanisms thought to be responsible for these fucoidan-mediated effects are inhibition of the expression of Bcl-2 (Bcl-2 preserves the mitochondria integrity), surviving, extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), and VEGF, and an increase in caspase-3 activation. A sterol fraction extract of Porphyra dentata, an edible red alga used as a folk medicine in Asia, was evaluated for its effects on myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in 4T1 cancer cells. Previous findings indicated that phytosterols such as β-sitosterol, either alone or in combination with campesterol, might offer protection from various tumors. MDSCs play an important role in tumorigenesis. The authors associated the anticancer activity of Porphyra dentata with the presence of β-sitosterol and campesterol, which reduced the suppressive activity of MDSCs and consequently decreased tumor size. These two mechanisms might affect phytosterol-related down regulation of the suppressive activity of MDSCs, which is related to their ROS accumulation activity.
5. Discussion
5.1.In this part the conversion and sustainability of the functional food as a complementary and alternative therapy, such as seaweeds that used for breast cancer treatment. On the other hand not agree to use has to be argued with supported studies.
5.2. Recent development of the seaweeds application use in food industrial or in pharmacological as cancer drugs. Functional foods and the potential industrial application of fucoidans add figure in this part for biological properties and potential industrial uses of fucoidans (from project references file) referents No# with brief explaining.
5.3 Future studies and innovations that enhancing safey and quality attributes of seaweeds products, as there are different ways to add seaweeds in your daily meals to prevent and treat cancers. Some dietary advices can be add here from scientific studies with the view of the functional food applications and legislation in this concern.
6. Conclusions
– Talking about the potential of bioactive molecules in seaweeds that could be of interest for utilisation for health and functional food applications.
– Most of the polysaccharides stimulate human health, for example by the creation of a better intestinal environment or because of their antiviral, antitumor and hypocholesterolemic and hypolipidemic properties. As an example, fucans are in large concentrations in large brown seaweed species
References
-Some of the interesting studies have been chosen, by the supervisor it has to be used (The references file will be attached)
– Harford style, arrowed 30 references need it in this paper (13 0f them for the mechanism section)
