American criminologist Donald Cressey developed the ‘fraud triangle’ model to assist in
explaining why individuals might decide to commit fraud. This model is commonly used by
forensic accountants to understand fraudulent criminal behaviour. (An overview is available
from the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners <www.acfe.com/fraud‐triangle.aspx>)
Required:
(a) Apply the fraud triangle model to generally explain Toshiba’s fraud.
(b) In more detail, explain the motives behind the fraud that are revealed by the fraud
triangle in (a) above. Support your answer with reference to at least three (3)
academic research articles.
Assume you are an investor in Toshiba in early 2015, at the time the accounting fraud is
becoming evident. Explain the most significant issues at Toshiba from your perspective as an
investor.
Identify three (3) options that are available for Toshiba to implement in order to prevent such
fraud in the future. Based on your previous analysis of the case in questions 1 and 2 above,
provide a reasoned justification for each option you recommend.
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