There were about 88,000 persons on the waiting list for organs, mostly kidneys, for transplant operations in the United States in the year 2005 (UNOS, 2005). In the UK, approximately 6000 people are waiting for organs – and fewer than 3000 transplants are performed each year (UK Transplant, 2005). In most countries there is a persistent shortage of organs resulting in a substantial loss of life and health.

a)

(i)Why do you think these shortages persist?

(ii) If organ was available in a free market, you would the shortage be reflected in a supply-demand framework? Explain using a diagram

(iii) Continuing with this hypothetical case (of a market for organs), do you think demand curve would be price elastic or inelastic? What about the supply curve? Explain. (In your diagram in part (ii), draw the supply and demand curves keeping in mind these elasticities arguments)

a)Evaluate this statement from an economic perspective.

b)Explain the relevance of elasticity of demand to the issue of smoking.

c)(9 points): What policy interventions might be effective in reducing smoking behavior? Discuss using insights you gained from this unit

“The emergency room is always busier on full moon nights”. There has been a reasonably widespread belief among medical professionals in the last decade that suicide rate rises with lunar phase.

a) Is there any scientific evidence to validate this claim (cite at least two authentic journal articles).

b) If the claim is valid, explain why there might be a higher incidence of suicide on full moon. If not, what behavioural bias is responsible for such views? Explain.

cBriefly discuss another example in healthcare where such bias may be present.

d) What role does “present-bias” play in patients’ health-related (e.g. lifestyle) choices? Provide an example that has not been mentioned in this assignment.

The emergency room is always busier on full moon nights”. There has been a reasonably widespread belief among medical professionals in the last decade that suicide rate rises with lunar phase.

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