Mastering widely used ethical theories greatly enhances your chances of success as an ethical change agent.
Each ethical perspective has its weaknesses, but each makes a valuable contribution to moral problem Doing so will help you generate new insights into the issue.
Utilitarian decisions are based on their consequences. The goal is to select the alternative that achieves the greatest good for the greatest number of people. To apply utilitarian principles, identify all the possible courses of action, estimate the direct and indirect costs and benefits of each option, and select the alternative that produces the greatest amount of good based on the cost-benefit analysis. Utilitarian reasoning is common when making ethical choices, but identifying and weighing consequences can be difficult and this approach can disregard the interests of individuals and minority groups.
Kant’s categorical imperative is based on the premise that decision makers should do what’s morally right no matter what the consequences. Moral choices flow out of a sense of duty and are those that we would want everyone to make. Always respect the worth of others when making ethical decisions. However, you may determine that there are exceptions to universal standards and that some moral duties may conflict with one another.
Justice as fairness theory provides a set of guidelines for resolving disputes over the distribution of organization has certain rights like freedom of speech and thought, has the same chance at positions and promotions, and receives adequate training to qualify for these roles. Everyone should be provided with a minimum level of benefits, and excess benefits should go to the least advantaged organizational members. Try to make decisions without being swayed by personal or status considerations. Recognize, though, that organizational members will have different ideas about what is fair.
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