• List and explain three common barriers to participation in outdoor recreation:
• For each of the barriers listed above, briefly explain a way that non-profit organization or land management agency could reduce the barrier to participation:
• Name two activities that are prohibited in wilderness areas under the Wilderness Act:
• How is it possible that two individuals experience the same use levels at a recreation site but experience different levels of crowding? Describe three of the personal characteristics of a visitor that influence crowding norms (as described by Manning).
• In 2-3 sentences give an example of an asymmetrical social conflict(be sure to clearly explain why the conflict is asymmetrical):
• Identify an outdoor recreation activity that occurs in both resource-oriented recreation settings and user-oriented recreation settings. How do the facilities for that activity vary in each setting?(Be specific)
• Provide an example of how aspecific outdoor recreation activitycan negatively impact water quality. Describe the activity and setting as well as how the activity could affect a specific type of water body (river, lake, etc.). Clarify whether impacts are direct or indirect.
• For the activity above, describe a specific management practice that could be used to prevent or lessen the impacts to the water body of concern. Identify how that practice would alter recreation behavior and influence a positive outcome.
• Provide an example of how aspecific outdoor recreation activitycan negatively impact soils. Describe the activity and setting as well as how the activity can affect soils. Clarify whether impacts are direct or indirect.
• For the activity above, describe a specific management practice that could be used to prevent or lessen the impacts to soils. Identify how that practice would alter recreation behavior and influence a positive outcome.
• Explain the difference between biophysical and recreation carrying capacity. Why is recreation carrying capacity difficult to determine? 
• How do recreation impacts to soil and vegetation vary according to local ecological conditions?

Case Analysis: Katmai National Park

Each summer, as many as 100 grizzly bears gather along the Brooks River in Katmai National Park and Preserve in southwest Alaska to feed upon migrating and spawning salmon. While a vast wilderness is open to exploration by Katmai visitors, the majority of visitor activity is concentrated in the Brooks River Area, which includes a mile and a half stretch of river between two large lakes. A series of elevated boardwalks and viewing platforms along the river take visitors to the area’s main attraction: the opportunity to view large concentrations of grizzly bears at close range at Brooks Falls. Despite the remote nature of the area, an estimated 10-15,000 visitors travel to the Brooks River each year from early June to Mid-September to view bears.  While the bears have an abundant food source in the salmon and generally are not interested in humans, they have the potential to act unpredictably if provoked. Meanwhile, the viewing platforms are beyond capacity and extremely crowded during peak viewing times.

Answer the three questions below relating to this case:

• What impacts could visitors have to the Katmai grizzly bears? Identify one possible “intentional” impact and one possible “ unintentional” impact.
• Describe a management practice that could prevent negative impacts to the bears:
• Describe a management practice that could address the crowding issues at Katmai:
• Consider the recently-designated San Gabriel National Monument (background – links to external site (Links to an external site.)) on the edge of Los Angeles (see both the interactive map (Links to an external site.)& more detailed USFS map (Links to an external site.)). How would you apply the Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS) framework described in McCool et al (Week 8) to establish areas of the National Monument lands for diverse attitudes, preferences and motivations? Which ROS settings would you apply to various parts of the monument and why? (Answer should be 150-300 words)

17.Revisit the video we watched on the first day of class, “Should public lands be a natural setting for extreme sports?” by PBS Newshour. Watch film. (Links to an external site.) Next, review the Bureau of Land Management’s recent Environmental Assessment  (Links to an external site.) recommending action to restrict roped activities at Corona and Gemini Arches.

Compose a response to the BLM’s Environmental Assessment, drawing heavily from course materials and concepts. Analyze the various dimensions of this recreation management issue according to the criteria below. (Answers should be between 150-300 words).

• Briefly describe the social conflicts occurring on BLM lands in Utah. Compare and contrast the two primary recreation user groups identified in the film. Characterize each user group’s values and motivations for outdoor recreation. 
• Assess the strengths and weaknesses of the BLM’s proposed approach and predict how the management actions will affect the different recreation user groups.
• Make an argument in favor or in opposition of the agencies decision and support your argument with material from the Environmental Analysis as well as from class readings.