Effect of performance satisfaction appraisal system on employee at the Ministry of Civil Service Academic Essay

Introduction
• Should engage the reader in an interesting way through a quote or fact
• Should define and elaborate the concept/s that you are investigating
• Should give brief introduction about the chosen company
• Should give the structure of the report

Rationale
• Should identify a problem theoretically related to the chosen topic (concept) or problem in the chosen organization
• Should indicate the source of the problem
• Should provide a rationale for the study- how your research will benefit the organization. What value will the findings have for the chosen organization?
• Provide data if possible to support your arguments or facts
Example
Although creativity and innovation is a buzz word today and most firms agree that it is very important strategic ability, few firms are found it be practicing it. It is evident that most of the firms do have polices to support creative and innovative efforts but its implementation and outputs are not really seen. However with the advent of globalization (Oman became a member of WTO in 2007), and a greater exposure to westerns economies and competition, the need for entrepreneurial management has been felt in the corporate sector. This has been emphasized by a number of training and consultancy firms and educational institutions that deliver programmes for the corporate sector. Orange company has taken a number of measures to promote creativity and innovation but has not succeeded as the employees have resisted change measures. The company has shown only 3 innovative outcomes which were recognized by the management and rewarded. The company market share dropped from 17%in 2010 to 12% in 2012. This study will analyze the factors that prevent employees to be creative and innovative in Orange Company. It will suggest measures to the firm to improve its innovation profile in the industry.

Research objectives
• Should clearly state what the research aims to achieve (outcomes)
• There should not be more that 4 research objectives or less than 2 research objectives
• Research objectives can be converted to research objectives (see handout)
• Each research objective should focus on one issue

Examples
1. To evaluate the challenges to creativity and innovation in Orange company
2. To make appropriate recommendations to orange company based on the findings

More Examples
To investigate the training methods used in Oman Air
To analyze the effectiveness of training methods in Oman Air
To compare the financial performance of company x with company y

Literature Review
• Literature review is an extensive and exhaustive review of the existing literature on your chosen topic (concepts).
• Through literature review you define, explain and elaborate the relevant concepts on your topic.
• Through literature review you make your reader aware of the depth of knowledge that exists in your chosen area of study.
• Through literature review you elaborate on the possible relationship between concepts that may or may not exists
• Through literature review you appreciate the various schools of thought and disagreements that might exist within the area of your study (critical review)

Literature review should not:
• Be descriptive but should be analytical and evaluative
• Should not be disjointed but there should be link across the discussions
• Should not be dated (very old references) but updated (most recent researches)

A good example for your reference
Cheung, Harker and Harker (2007) after a thorough review of literature found out the consumer attitudes related to advertising have more or less remained stable over the years. Hoyer and Maclnnis (2008) defined advertisements (Aad) as ‘a predisposition to respond in a favorable or unfavorable manner to a particular advertising stimulus during a particular exposure occasion’ (p. 49). Therefore, Aad is a situation-bound construct and ‘an attitudinal reaction to the advertisement generated at the time of exposure’ (MacKenzie and Lutz, 1989, p. 19). Coutler et al. (2001) advanced the concept of Aad and developed a structural model that suggested that various antecedents can determine the Aad through both peripheral and central processing mechanisms. Blair (2000) indentified that the antecedents of the Aad can be affected by a consumer’s level of involvement. Attitude increase in the level of advertising interactivity is likely to increase a consumer’s level of involvement during the advertising exposure. Consequently, the Aad is likely to be enhanced (Vlasic and Kesic, 2007).
Janiszeweski and Noel (2003) found that repeated exposures to advertisements can create attitudes with higher level of confidence. Further single exposures could create attitude with lower confidence levels and repeated exposures would create attitudes with higher confidence levels. These hypotheses were proved to be true as the findings indicates that attitude confidence can be increased through repeated exposures.

Methodology
• Methodology gives the details of the methods and approaches you are going to use to achieve your research objectives.
• Note that references are also required in this section
• You have clearly state the research approach you are going to use i.e. qualitative or quantitative
• You have justify the use of either approach or its complementary use
• In line with your research approaches you will decide the research tools you will be using to collect the primary data
• You can use research tools such as interviews (remember there are many types of interviews), questionnaires, observation etc. You have to justify the use- in other words how a particular research tools is helpful in achieving your objectives and how are you going to use it.
• You have to discuss how you are going to design these tools for example the type of questions, format and measurements
• You have be very clear about you sample- in other words the participants from whom you will collect the data

Note:
You will not collect any data in RM but only make a plan for it

References (Harvard Referencing Style)
Amabile, T.M. (1997) Motivating creativity in organizations: on doing what you love and loving what you do.” California Management Review, fall, Vol. 40, No. 1, pp. 39-58
Burns, P. (2008) Corporate Entrepreneurship: Building an entrepreneurial organization, UK: Palgrave, Macmillan
Morris, M.H. and Kuratko, D.F., (2002) Corporate Entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurial development within organizations, UK: Harcourt College Publishers

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