Order Description
Participants
A total of 452 undergraduate students participated in a study of involving different multitasking situations and learning. These students were allocated to a texting group, a Facebook group, and a listening only group. The �texting� group consisted of students who were asked to text while listening to a presentation, n = 137; the �Facebook� group consisted of students who were asked to check Facebook while listening to a presentation, n = 151; and the �listening only� group consisted of students who were asked to only listen to a presentation, n = 164.

Materials and Apparatus
Fourteen questions were provided to each student. These were multiple choice questions with four options per question. The �texting� only group used their mobiles. The �Facebook� only group used various electronic devices to log into Facebook.

Procedure
Participants were tested in class groups (n =15 to 25). Students were asked to listen to a presentation by their tutor in the field of time management. This presentation was conducted for duration of 14 minutes. In the �texting� condition, participants were asked to text another student in the room and to continue on with this text conversation. A sample text conversation was provided to this group. In the �Facebook� condition, participants were asked to view their newsfeed with the volume turned off on their electronic device. Both groups were asked to also listen to the presentation provided by the tutor. The �listening� only condition, was asked to listen to the presentation without interacting with other electronic devices.
Following the presentation participants were asked to complete a 14 question quiz on the presentation they viewed previously. At the end of the quiz participants marked their own papers.

Results
The quiz test scores for the three types of distractions were analysed with a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Test assumptions of normality and homogeneity of variance were satisfactory, and the result was statistically significant, F(2, 449) = 136.48, p < .001. Tukey HSD post hoc comparisons revealed that there was a significant difference between the listening only group and the Facebook group; a higher score being achieved in the listening only group than in the Facebook group (MDiff = 3.66, p < .001 CI [3.04, 4..28]). Tukey HSD post hoc comparisons revealed that there was a significant difference between the listening only group and the Texting group; a higher score being achieved in the listening only group than in the Texting group (MDiff = 3.91, p < .001 CI [3.38, 4.55]). Tukey HSD post hoc comparisons revealed that there was no significant difference between the Facebook group and the Texting group. Descriptive statistics are shown in Table 1.

Table 1
Mean Quiz Scores
Group M SD
Listening only 8.92 2.63
Fbook&listening 5.26 2.20
Texting&listening 5.01 2.12

____________________________________

“Length/Duration:
1200 words exluding the Method, Results and the the reference list.So that you can focus your efforts
on justifying the research and interpreting the results, you will be provided with a complete Method
section and Results section. These must be included in your report.
You will need to write the remaining sections (Title, Abstract, Introduction, Discussion, References).
The word count INCLUDES the Abstract (but NOT the Reference List) and you must not exceed 1200
words for the Abstract, Introduction, and Discussion combined.”