Darius enters Europe

1. Why did Darius decide to prepare an invasion of Greece? Why was the first attempt to plan an attack on the Greeks abandoned? 2. How long did Darius’s assault on Babylon last? What was the omen
that supposedly signalled to the Persians that they would finally prevail? How many people died during the Babylonian revolt (there are some exact numbers and some non-exact descriptions)? 3. Why
did Darius’s expedition against the Scythians fail? Why did the Scythians in turn fail to defeat Darius’s army? 4. What happened to the seven Persian ambassadors who demanded Macedonia’s submission
to Darius?
Chapter VI: The Ionian Revolt
1. How did Histiaeus and Aristagoras communicate to plot Miletus’s revolt against the Persians? 2. Who convinced the Spartan king not to support Aristagoras’s revolt? 3. Summarize the rise of
Athenian democracy and how it led to their contact with Persia. How does Herodotus describe democracy as a form of government? 4. What was the outcome of the Ionian revolt? What were its successes
or failures?
Chapter VII: Persia vs. Greece: Darius’s Wars
1. What reason does Herodotus give to explain why the Spartans have two kings? How does Cleomenes arrange for Demaratus to be deposed as the second king? 2. Why did Darius want to punish the Greeks
– especially the Athenians? 3. Summarize the battle of Marathon and its outcome. Who were the combatants on each side? How many casualties did each side suffer? 4. This chapter ends with a
digression on the Alcmaeonid family. How did Alcmaeon receive the family’s initial wealth? How was his son Megacles selected by Cleisthenes
to marry his daughter?
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